Thursday, December 17, 2020

Joining the Emmaus Walk: What Are the Old Testament Prophecies about Jesus’s Life?



 


Rembrandt https://www.pinterest.com/pin/94716398391877973/ google images

“Looking sad,” Cleopas and a companion “were going to a village called Emmaus,” outside Jerusalem, three days after Jesus died and the day he had just resurrected from the dead, discussing what had recently happened. Jesus joined them, listening, and finally “said to them, ‘Oh, how foolish you are, and how slow to heart to believe all that the prophets have declared! Was it not necessary that the Messiah should suffer these things and then enter into his glory?’ Then beginning with Moses and all the prophets, he interpreted to them the things about himself in all the scriptures.” When Jesus left them, “they said to each other, ‘Were not our hearts burning within us while he was talking to us on the road, while he was opening the scriptures to us?” (Luke 24:13-32 NRSV)

Wouldn’t we have loved to be along the road to Emmaus as Jesus disclosed to Cleopas and his companion “all the writings, the things concerning himself” (Luke 24:27)? Jesus revealed to them where the Old Testament stated that the Messiah must suffer before entering into his glory (v. 26). But, since he interpreted all the writings about himself, very likely he included information on his birth and life. What might those passages have been?

Jesus’s ministry is foretold as early as Genesis 3:15, as the offspring of Eve who would “bruise” the “head” of the serpent, while the serpent’s seed would bruise his heel. This passage is hinted at in 1 Timothy 2:15: Eve “would be saved through the Child-bearing,” most likely the child born of Mary.[1] God’s sovereign care of humanity oversaw the covenant line for thousands of years in order to grant that humans could be reconciled and reunited with the Lord of the universe by means of Jesus’s birth, life, death, and resurrection.

Jesus in his pre-incarnate state was present with humanity as creator (Col 1:6-17) and provider (Exod 17:6; 1 Cor 10:4) and healer (Num 21:9; John 3:14-15).

Specifics about Jesus’s birth were prophesized in the Old Testament:

His young mother would be a virgin (Isa 7:14; Matt 1:22-23);

He would be born in Bethlehem (Mic 5:2; Matt 2:6);

A star would appear (Num 24:17; Matt 2:2);

His family would travel to Egypt (Hos 11:1; Matt 2:5);

Innocent children would die after his birth (Jer 31:15; Matt 2:18);

He would minister from Capernaum (Isa 9:1-2; Matt 4:13-16);

His ministry would be heralded by a messenger (Mal 3:1; Matt 11:10);

He would teach in parables (Isa 6:9-10; Matt 13:14-15, 35);

He would have zeal for God’s temple (Ps 69:9; John 2:17).

Jesus would be a great prophet (Deut 18:15; Acts 3:19-23) and high priest (1 Sam 2:35; Heb 7:15-8:2) and mediator (Job 33:23-28; 1 Tim 2:5-6).

He would care for his disciples as a shepherd for his sheep (Isa 40:10-11; Ezek 34:33; Mic 5:4-5a; Zech 13:7; Mark 14:27),

He would be a light to the nations (Isa 49:6; Luke 2:32; John 1:9),

but he would die as punishment for human sin (Isa 53:5-6, 12; Dan 9:24; Luke 4:18-11; 22:37),

yet he would resurrect after three days (Hos 6:2; Jon 1:17; Isa 53:10-12; Matt 12:40; 16:4, 21; Luke 11:30).

Jesus would have authority and reign forever (Gen 49:10; Num 24:19; Isa 9:6-7; Luke 1:32-33).

What are we to make of all these prophecies?

Christmas and Easter are special times. The Christ who was born over 2000 years ago is the culmination of victory over the serpent:  

“a child born for us, a son given to us; authority rests upon his shoulders; and he is named Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace” (Isa 9:6 NRSV).

Today we too are invited to come and hear and learn from Jesus our God who was born as a human, but who now lives as our mediator and teacher, healer and provider.

Aida



[1] Further, see Aida Besançon Spencer, 1 Timothy, New Covenant Commentary Series (Eugene, OR: Cascade, 2013), 73-76.


Friday, November 6, 2020

The Key to Surviving Physically and Spiritually Today

https://leahramirez.com/obtain-the-prize/from images

Those of you who had the privilege and blessing to know my mother remember that her favorite response to “How are you doing, Helen?” was “I’m persevering.” So, much was this her watchword and life theme that we put on her memorial stone: “Persevering in Jesus.” These days, with yet another new surge in the saga of the Corona Virus, we think my mom’s message is one to live by. Especially, since this week our governor has issued a lockdown mandate with a mandatory curfew: restaurants must stop serving at 9:30. Indoor gatherings are limited to ten, outdoor gatherings to twenty-five, and all must disperse by 9:30, so, no late-night parties, rather a stay-at-home advisory in effect from 10:00 p.m. – 5:00 a.m., and everyone five years old and older is required to wear masks in public, or face a $500 fine.[1] It seems some of the young and restless have lost patience with wearing masks and, as a result, Monday’s tally reports those under age 39 contracted the virus at over a thousand per day for the previous nine days here in Massachusetts.[2] This is devastating news: our young are our future and precious to us. A recent photo of an anti-mask protest (thankfully in another state – ours apparently has been dumb enough without having a protest) shows a young man sporting a sign that reads, “A freedom worth dying for!” How on earth did protecting oneself and one’s fellow humans from a marauding virus ever become mixed up with human rights? Where’s the logic here? I’m going to infect myself and everybody else because of my unimpeded, inalienable freedom as an American to life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness, and the right to contact Covid19 if I want to? Last blog, I noted the thwarting of the plot to kidnap Michigan’s governor “over her handling of the coronavirus pandemic,”[3] meaning her strict requirements for everyone to wear masks in public and take similar protective lockdown measures to save lives. When did normal citizens decide to emulate would-be mass murderers, not with assault weapons, but with breathing on their victims? In a wonderful Father Brown story by the wise G.K. Chesterton, “The Resurrection of Father Brown,” everybody is misled to think Father Brown has somehow raised from the dead. Appalled he gives the crowd this benediction: “‘Bless you, bless you,’ said Father Brown hastily. ‘God bless you all and give you more sense.’”[4] That advice seems back in vogue now.

But persevering is a common need throughout our lives. The courtesy to wear a mask to protect others is one example of it. In a way, it’s a symbol of a whole attitude that the Apostle Paul captures when he speaks about the Christian life as a race, or a contest, and encourages the Corinthians to “Run to obtain [or attain]” the prize of heaven (1 Cor. 9:24). The writer of Hebrews agrees, “Through patience, we run the race [or fight the fight] set before us” (Heb. 12:1). The struggle to achieve the Christian life is a life-long commitment. It’s not a cash-in on a lucky lottery ticket.

For some forty years, my wife and I have been teaching seminarians, Aída as a New Testament professor and I as a theologian. It is a wonderfully rewarding privilege. I notice that there are patterns as our seminarians learn and progress. One is that in the intellectual life of many seminarians comes the moment when they struggle with the whole Calvinist versus Arminian challenge: am I going to go with St. Augustine, John Calvin, Charles Spurgeon and embrace predestination as the key to God’s plan of salvation, or am I going to emphasize with St. Irenaeus, Jacob Arminius, and Charles Wesley free will as the trigger that reconciles us to God our maker and redeemer? For some thoughtful students, this is a torturous time of great anxiety to get it right. Respecting this struggle, I devote two of my classes to unpacking the issues slowly without trying to push my students into either camp, since they are loyal to churches on either side. Some stay with their church’s positions and some switch sides as they explore the reasons these thought-filled scholars have given for their positions. At the end of this journey, I set out what is commonly shared between the two positions which will give their hearts rest as they see these separate poles of argument agree completely on one final assurance: If one perseveres to the end, one can rest assured one is saved. How does that work exactly? For the Calvinist side, if a believer perseveres steadfastly in the faith, she or he demonstrates empowerment has come from God to do so, so that is the assurance that he or she is one of God’s elect. For the Arminian persuasion, if a believer perseveres steadfastly in the faith, that person demonstrates she or he has fought the good fight and won the crown and God’s favor. So, all any believer has to do is persevere to the end and he or she wins according to both systems.

This brings us back to lockdown. As in the spiritual life, there are ups and downs in the physical life, surges and ebb tides. The point is: Don’t Give Up! There is nothing efficacious about putting oneself or others at risk just because we are sick and tired of restraints. In the physical life, our goal is one day soon to hear these blessed words, “Roll up your sleeve and I’ll give you your immunity shot.” In the spiritual life, the most blessed words we are all striving to hear are: “Well done, good and faithful servant. Welcome to Paradise.” Each reward is worth the patient struggle.

Bill



[1] And that would be quite a hit on anyone’s piggy bank. See Mary Markos and Monica Madeja, “Coronavirus restrictions: Coronavirus Rules, Mask Order Effective in Mass. Friday,”10 Boston (WNBC), https://www.nbcboston.com/news/coronavirus/doctor-new-coronavirus-rules-in-mass-could-improve-safety/2224934/ posted 11/6/2020, accessed 11/6/2020

[2] Matt Murphy, “State revamps COVID-19 data dashboard, Chronicle and Transcript (Beverly, MA: Gannett) 11/5/2020, A5.

[3]Christina Carrega, Veronica Stracqualursi and Josh Campbell, CNN, “13 charged in plot to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer,” CNN News: Politics, https://www.cnn.com/2020/10/08/politics/fbi-plot-michigan-governor-gretchen-whitmer/index.html , posted 10/ 8/2020, accessed 11/6/2020.  

[4]You can read this story, collected as the first tale in The Incredulity of Father Brown, The University of Adelaide, Library, University of Adelaide 5005, posted by Steve Thomas, ebooks@adelaide, for free at  https://psiqueyeros.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/chesterton-gilbert-k-padre-brown-completo.pdf, posted 2004, accessed 11/6/2020.

 

Tuesday, October 13, 2020

ALL HUMANS COME FROM ONE: SO, NO “RACES” EXIST

 



Adam and Eve in the Eden- (file:///C:/Users/Aida.HFC05201-WL/Pictures/%E1%90%88%20Garden%20of%20eden%20stock%20pics,%20Royalty%20Free%20adam%20and%20eve%20pictures%20_%20download%20on%20Depositphotos%C2%AE.html)

2020’s Columbus Day weekend has certainly reflected the spirit of those marauding bands of conquistadores who descended on the new world wreaking havoc, enslaving and devastating its population, and setting a legacy of violence that still inflicts us.[1]

The week that preceded this year’s Columbus Day saw the thwarting of a plot by an extremist militia to kidnap Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer in a “stunning indication of the potential for domestic terrorism.” [2] As we entered the weekend, on Saturday evening, October 10th, rallying right-wing and left-wing activists clashed, ending in a fatal shooting in Denver. That same night, Portland, Oregon police broke up “the 123rd night of protests for racial justice” by arresting “almost all of the demonstrators outside the Portland Police Bureau’s North Precinct.” Objections were raised by “The Oregon Justice Resource Center, a civil rights-focused legal group which said in a statement that the arrests effectively chilled free speech and fit into a pattern that could put the city on an authoritarian path,” while Police charged, “‘The crowd’s posture, including their armored attire’ suggested to police that protesters planned to have another event that could lead to ‘arson, riots, and assaults on officers.”[3] Also that night, backed by the National Guard, police terminated three nights of protesting the fatal shooting by a police officer of a black youth, Alan Cole, killed while running from police at Wauwatosa, Wisconsin’s Mayfair Mall. The police tear-gassed protestors for throwing bottles at them on the charge that the crowd had ingredients in some confiscated backpacks for eventual Molotov cocktails. Sunday’s daily headline website, The Day, observed: “The protests in Wauwatosa are just the latest in a series of demonstrations against police racism and brutality that have erupted across the country since George Floyd’s death.”[4] The Wisconsin Police appeared to be reacting in fear to the prospect of a similar result yielded by just such a recent demonstration in Louisville, Kentucky (my wife and my home in the late 1970s – early ‘80s) where a protest against a grand jury ruling on the death of Breonna Taylor, the 26-year-old emergency medical technician who was a shooting victim caught in police retaliation after her boyfriend fired on them,[5] included the wounding of two police officers by a protestor. By Sunday night, October 11, 2020, Portland “Protesters overturned statues of former Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln in Portland, Oregon, on Sunday night in a declaration of ‘rage’ toward Columbus Day.”[6] And so, in the midst of the crisis over the corona virus, when we should be banding together to protect each other and stop this pandemic, the United States is seized in the grip of racial ideological estrangement and violence on all sides, the right-wing, the left-wing, police, and protestors. All of these incidences at their core appear to be racially-driven, the result of a pernicious belief by all sides that the United States as a nation is deeply involved in a clash between races for the survival of its sectarian members.

From a Christian perspective, however, all of this ideology is based on a myth – a fallacy that is contradicted by the Bible, a contradiction recently supported by the brilliant and innovative work of Dr. Bryan Sykes and his team of genetic researchers.

The Bible is very clear in its united witness. In Genesis, chapters 1 and 2, in the Hebrew Bible (or Old Testament), we see God creating two human beings, a man and a woman, and all succeeding humans, including every human alive today, descending from these. This revelation is repeated by the brilliant philosopher/theologian Paul of Tarsus, as recorded in the New Testament, in his address to the Greek intellectuals at their forum center on the Areopagus in Athens before the Parthenon, when he announces God “made out of one human [anthropos] all humans that live upon all the face of the earth” (Acts 17:26).

Today, this primal view has been challenged by a secular theory called multiregionalism, a speculation that many different progenitors produced the different people groups that we see in today’s world, so that these people groups are indeed separate races, hence the clashes that we see for survival and supremacy.[7] But this prevalent idea has been exposed as a myth by the work of Dr. Bryan Sykes, Emeritus Professor of Human Genetics at the University of Oxford and currently a Fellow at Wolfson College, science advisor to the British House of Commons. Chairman of the Oxford Ancestors, Ltd., 2001-, along with his able staff.

Finally gathered into his groundbreaking 2002 book, The Seven Daughters of Eve, which was based on research Bryan Sykes recorded in a long series of technical articles stretching back as early as 1983,[8] he and his team explode the common but now antiquated definition of race: “a group of persons related by common descent or heredity.” In light of their discovery, that definition only appears to be salvageable if restricted to individual family lines or if expanded to the human race as a whole. How did they do that?[9] After testing the mitochondrial DNA of thousands of people of all nationalities, they discovered Europeans were not that much different from the rest of the world.”[10] All of us humans, around the world share a common ancestry, whether we are Polynesian or Celtic, or any other nationality. We are all related through our DNA.

Further, Dr. Christopher Stringer, a Natural History Museum principal researcher in London with the Science Editor of Britain’s Observer Robin McKie in their research summarized in the book, African Exodus, concluded, “Though modern humans may not always look alike, our biological constitutions are unvarying: An Eskimo and an Australian aborigine, a Chinese and a Swede – people worlds apart – are more alike than two gorillas from the same forest. It is the same DNA lineage that points unmistakably to a common ancestor whose offspring evolved into Homo Sapiens shortly before the African Exodus.”[11]

From the beginning of their announcements, independent researchers checked their findings, and as early as January 26, 1987 Time Magazine recorded, that, “Now biologists suggest in a report to Nature that a single female living between 140,000 and 280,000 years ago in Africa was an ancestor of everyone on the earth today. Inevitably – and to the probable delight of creationists – many scientists are calling her ‘Eve.’”[12]

Again, because we know from the study of techtonics, which records the shifting of the plates of the earth and maps the changes due to earthquakes and volcanos and other factors, [13] the Mediterranean Sea did not exist in the earliest years. Eden’s garden, where Adam and Eve were first formed could easily have been in the area of what has since become Africa, divided from the upper land mass up the upheaval that created the Mid-land, or Mediterranean Sea. The human population then spread out across the world from what was now the more southern land mass (see, for example, the journey further eastward of Eve and Adam’s son, Cain, in Genesis 4:16).

Essentially, that is, as we consider the essence of all humans on the earth, it is clear that multi-regionalism, the theory that humans descended from various pockets of Neanderthals or Apes or Mud People or Clay People, or whatever else one speculates, all evolving in different locations from different progenitors, is a modern myth, neither based in any biblical text nor scientifically supported in the light of the establishment of common ancestry, demonstrated by the checked and double-checked mitochondrial research of the Oxford Genetics lab and the corresponding studies elsewhere.

Therefore, all United States citizens, even the extremist groups, whether they call themselves “Three Percenters” or “Five Percenters,” “The Black Guerilla Family” or “Wolverine Watchmen,” neo-Nazis or Marxists/Maoists, all share the same common ancestor. All human beings on the earth today share a common DNA descent from a single progenitor, a single ancestor, a single set of parents.

There are no “races,” separate people groups descended from separate initial progenitors, but only brothers and sisters who may have different degrees of melanin, i.e., skin and hair tint, varying nose, eye cavity, or cheek shapes, different accents and languages, due to “clines,” caused by “the gradual change in certain characteristics exhibited by members of a series of adjacent populations of organisms of the same species.”[14] But everyone’s species is exactly the same, homo sapiens, human being.

What we are seeing today is not an heroic racial war but a deplorable family feud, a fight not among separate “races” for supremacy but a squabble among relatives motivated by fear, greed, lust for power, and all the other failings that destroy families on the nuclear and extended level.

What the United States, and any similar nation in such a plight, needs is a reality check. Whatever loyalty combatants think they have is only partial. Blind brutality is a devil’s game that pits a house against itself and ensures an eventual fall. Nobody should want to commit fratricide, or matricide, or patricide (1 Tim. 1:9-11). Everyone is a brother’s and sister’s keeper. As Cain was warned by God, sin lurks at each door, lusting to possess us, but we must master it (Gen. 4:7).

As a result, no one has an excuse for prejudice against a family member – no police, no protestors, no “Oath Keeper,” no “Liberator.” We are all sisters and brothers according to God’s revelation in the Bible and the demonstration of our common heritage by mitochondrial research. We need to stop fighting and start talking with respect, civility, and love to each other.

Bill

Anyone interested in further information, please see our new book, which we edited: Christian Egalitarian Leadership, House of Prisca and Aquila Series (Eugene, OR, Wipf and Stock, 2020).





[1] For an explanation of this legacy of violence, see my chapter, “God of Power versus God of Love: The United States of America” in Aída Besançon Spencer and William David Spencer, eds., The Global God: Multicultural Evangelical Views of God (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker, 1998).

[2] By Molly Hennessy-Fiske and Jaweed Kaleem, Los Angeles Times, What if armed, far-right groups go to the polls? Some plan to be there, https://www.theday.com/nationworld-news/20201011/what-if-armed-far-right-groups-go-to-polls-some-plan-to-be-there. Published October 11. 2020 1:40AM | Updated October 11. 2020 1:43AM, accessed October 11, 2020. See also Nicholas Bogel-Burroughs, New York Times, “What We Know About the Alleged Plot to Kidnap Michigan’s Governor,” https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/09/us/michigan-militia-whitmer.html October. 9, 2020, accessed October 11, 2020.

[3]Sergio Olmos (OPB), “Portland Police make blanket arrests minutes after Saturday protest starts.” https://www.opb.org/article/2020/10/11/portland-police-make-blanket-arrests-minutes-after-saturday-protest-starts/. Posted October 11, 2020, accessed October 12, 2020.

[4] “28 arrested, tear gas used in Wisconsin police protests” 12:05AM  https://www.theday.com/nationworld-news/20201011/28-arrested-tear-gas-used-in-wisconsin-police-protests. Posted October” 11. 2020, accessed Oct 11, 2020.

[5] By Cecelia Smith-Schoenwalder, U.S. News and World Report, “Protesters, Police Clash in Louisville Following Breonna Taylor Ruling,”  https://www.usnews.com/news/national-news/articles/2020-09-24/protesters-police-clash-in-louisville-following-breonna-taylor-ruling, Sept. 24, 2020, at 1:11 p.m. The city of Louisville agreed earlier this month to pay $12 million to Taylor's family to settle a wrongful-death lawsuit. More than six months after her death, protesters who were angered and saddened over the grand jury decision took to the streets chanting ‘No lives matter until Black lives matter.’" “Kentucky Gov. Andy Beshear called on Attorney General Daniel Cameron to release the evidence from the investigation to the public. ‘Let people read it,’ he told CNN. ‘Put it out there. Trust people with the truth.’ [Breonna]Taylor, was killed during a police raid on her home after her armed boyfriend confronted the officers and fired at them. Police shot Taylor at least six times.” Posted Sept 24, 2020, accessed Oct 11, 2020

[6] Ellington CMS, News for Monday, Portland, Ore. (Ap), “Protesters knock down Roosevelt, Lincoln statues in Portland “ October 12, 2020, https://dailyinterlake.com/news/today/ Posted October 12, 2020 1:09 a.m., accessed October 12, 2020.

[7] “Advocates of the rival multiregional theory say modern humans evolved simultaneously in Africa, Europe, and Asia from multiple early humans, maybe including Neanderthals and Homo erectus who left Africa in a much earlier wave.” However, a study based at the University of Uppsala y Swedish and German geneticists using refined techniques from the Human Genome Project supported the common ancestor findings, discovering “a common ancestor of all modern humans might have lived about 170,000 years ago in Africa.” According to chief researcher Ulf Gyllenstein, “modern humans left their African homeland relatively recently, perhaps 50,000 years ago.” Reacting to the study, University of Pennsylvania evolutionary biologist Blair Hedges commented. “I think people are not going to be too much concerned with the multiregional” anymore, see Jeff Donn, Associated Press, “DNA study backs ‘out-of-Africa’ theory for origins of man,” The Boston Globe, December 7, 2000, A40.   

[8] See a list of Bryan Sykes 77 articles at Research Gate, https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Bryan-Sykes-38917996

[9] Random House Webster’s Unabridged (New York, NY: Random House, 2001), 1590, col. 2.

[10]. Bryan Sykes, Seven Daughters of Eve (New York, NY: Norton, 2002), 125-126: “When we looked at the data, the biggest number of mutations we found between two people was the fourteen that separated Teri Tupuaki, a fisherman from Mangaia in the Cook Islands, and Mrs. Gwyneth Roberts, who cooks the school lunches in Bala, North Wales. These two people, half a world apart, between them solved a puzzle that had divided scholarship for most of the twentieth century. Europeans were not that much different from the rest of the world; certainly nowhere near different enough to justify believing that they were all descended from Neanderthals. And since it was all or nothing, the Neanderthals [a previous humanoid species] must have become extinct. All modern Europeans must today trace their ancestry back to much more recent arrivals – to the Cro-Magnons, with their lighter skeleton, their much improved flint technology and their wonderful art. This was an absolute replacement of one human species by another…replacement was so complete…These were not our ancestors.”

[11] Christopher Stringer and Robin McKie, African Genesis, cover summary.

[12] Michael D. Lemonick, reported by Cristina Garcia/San Francisco, with other bureaus, “Everyone’s Genealogical Mother: Biologists speculate that “Eve” lived in sub-Saharan Africa,” Time, January 26, 1987, 66. Interesting to note is that Thomas J. Parsons, et. al in an article entitled, “A high observed substitution rate in the human mitochondrial DNA control region,” note their data “indicate that extremely rapid segregation of CR sequence variants between generations is common in humans,” which, along with other factors, drops their date for a “most-recent common ancestor” as low as 70,000 years ago. Nature Genetics vol. 15 (April 1997), 363, http://nature.com/naturegenetics 

[14] Random House Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary, 386, col. 3.


Monday, August 31, 2020

Are People Listening Anymore?

It all started last Friday. Over two days I experienced three similar incidents.

As I shopped Friday morning looking for meat, I saw before me a young woman with stretch pants and a creamy brown skin and I wondered if she was from the Dominican Republic. Right now we cannot decide whether to go there next January because of the travel advisories. We usually go once a year to my birthplace to escape part of the miserable winter weather. At the check out line, she brought her cart of food behind me. To my surprise, a manager told her to move forward because she was blocking the narrow path behind her (created artificially by the store). When I went to pay, the checker had to ask the front manager to help with an internet coupon I wanted to use. As she left, the front manager turned to the woman behind me and told her to stop placing her food at the end of the counter and move back. She replied that the other manager had told her to move forward. To that, the front manager snapped, it is the law, she must move back! To which the woman, exasperated, replied, she was being given contradictory directions. At that, the front manager turned and stormed to the front office muttering loudly that if you don’t want to obey the law, you don’t have to shop here!

What happened to the “customer is always right”?[1] That customer is never coming back! And, that supermarket is going to get less folks of color than it has now.

That Friday evening, we went to a Thai restaurant to eat out. We had not gone there since last fall. When we arrived about 6:30 p.m., the whole place was completely empty. We sat outside in the newly decorated section to see if we might attract any more customers. While waiting for our meal, we had a lengthy chat with the owner, hearing about her financial woes.

At the end of the meal, we went to pay inside and were pleased to see a few customers for takeout. There were tables between us and the owner at the cash register. She placed our bill and some candy on a little plate on a table. While Bill paid, another customer squeezed between the two tables to reach the cash register. In response, the owner growled, “Step back! Step back!” The customer jumped back. I wondered if she would ever return. There was no sign indicating one must stay behind the tables.

The next night, Saturday, at the third incident, I myself got involved with a disagreement. We decided to do takeout at a local restaurant. Over the phone, the woman who took the order told me the meal would be ready in 30 minutes. In the past, the meal was cold when I received it, so I attempted to arrive in 15-20 minutes. However, by the time I got the attention of the worker, it was 30 minutes later. She had two lists, one for those being seated and one for those taking takeout. It looked like she couldn’t find my name. I waited again. When she returned, she said she would send the owner of the restaurant. I wasn’t sure why. When he came, he turned back inside to check on the order. At his return, he said the meal would not be ready for another 15 minutes, saying I would have to wait because I was too early. I reminded him that I was told the meal would be ready in 30 minutes. He said the cook wrote 45 minutes. I repeated, I was told 30 minutes. He then snarled, that’s what you say! He implied I was lying!

I was shocked! We have known this owner and enjoyed the restaurant’s meals since it opened over 30 years ago. I felt like I wanted to leave in a huff! But then I thought, they would be stuck with the meal, and we would have to start again in another restaurant. I decided to wait. And, sure enough, 50 minutes after I had originally called, I received our meal. However, I wondered if I would ever return. Who needs to pay to be insulted?

What do all these incidents have in common? The proprietors did not really listen to the customers (and expected the worse intentions from them). (And, customers can be difficult!) Many are in their own worlds, their own worlds of conflict. Violence is increasing worldwide because people’s inner frustrations are being worked out outside of themselves.[2]

In an ideal world, if those managers had listened, what might they have said?

“I apologize for the contradictory orders you received, but will you be generous and pause for a moment and step back? You should never have been told to move forward.”

Or

“I am sorry these tables are confusing, but I had intended them to indicate a 6-foot safety distance. I am over 70 and I have to be very careful.”

Or

“I regret there has been a misunderstanding. However, the cook thought you wanted your meal in 45 minutes. We are very busy, so if you can wait a few minutes more, the tasty meal will be worth your wait.”

Their “soft answers” would have turned away potential “wrath” and they would have kept their customers. Instead, their “harsh words stirred up anger” (Prov 15:1-2) in their customers. The foolish worker “gives full vent to anger” but the wise manager “quietly holds [anger] back” (Prov 29:11). Solomon repeats in Ecclesiastes: “Do not be quick to anger, for anger lodges in the bosom of fools. Do not say, ‘Why were the former days better than these?’ For it is not from wisdom that you ask this” (7:9-10 NRSV). That is exactly what we are all doing! We are lamenting the former days when no one had to keep 6 feet away and we did not have to wear masks and the United States employment rate was good. Even the proprietors are overburdened by their own real economical fears and difficult times. Solomon says that lamenting the past is not wise, possibly because a) it may not be true that the former days were better, and b) we cannot go back to a better time. We have to live in our new and contemporary situation.

What do we need to do instead?

We need to take seriously James’s words: “Understand, my beloved brothers and sisters, and let every human be quick to hear, slow to speak, slow to anger, for a person’s anger does not work God’s righteousness” (James 1:19-20).

Step one is “hear” before you speak. People are deeper than we imagine. Proverbs explains: “The purposes in the human mind are like deep water, but the intelligent will draw them out” (20:5) and “The words of the mouth are deep waters; the fountain of wisdom is a gushing stream” (18:4 NRSV). No one may have been gushing out wise words, but no one also was trying to understand the human minds of others.

Step two is take your time before you “speak”! Taking one’s time helps one to try to analyze what is really happening. Am I really understanding? How can I express my view in the best way?

Step three is don’t jump to “anger”! Take your time again. It isn’t easy to curtail anger. From a proprietor’s perspective, keeping a customer is more important than maintaining what one thinks is true. Think about the cost to your relationship if you retort with a “hasty temper” (Prov 14:29). At rare moments I remind myself when about to blurt out an angry statement, is it worth it? And, how many times has this other person, my “beloved brother or sister,” been kind or efficient with me? Shall I ignore those times? (And, won’t I eventually run out of restaurants and supermarkets out of which I have stormed? In the future I may have to drive 100 miles to shop or eat.)

Jesus faced the same problem. He feared that people were not really listening to him either! How many times did he end a parable or discourse: “The ones having ears to hear, let him/her hear” (Luke 8:8).[3]

Rather, we all need to ask for genuine wisdom that encourages us to hear, understand, and eventually speak in a healing and knowledgeable manner. We need to ask God for patience. Listening to others, created in God’s image, will help us prepare for receiving God’s word (James 1:21).

Aida

For more information, please see my newly released A Commentary on James, Kregel Exegetical Library (Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 2020), 90-92.



[1] This was the motto I was taught when I worked for Sears.

[2] I had just finished the draft of this blog in time to attend our Pilgrim Church zoom service, when the first member to contribute spoke up about the same problem. She hesitated going out because people are changing and, she said, they are more inhumane now.

[3] See also Luke 6:27, 47, 49; 10:16, 24; 11:28; 14:35; 18:6.



 

Monday, July 27, 2020

What Is Greatest Remains



This past week, we drove 12 hours (6 each way) to Point Pleasant, N.J. some 700 miles in a cargo van in order to give a blessing, but instead we received a blessing as well. Our goal was to visit with the family of the Rev. Dr. Allen Ruscito, known affectionately to all as Reverend Al, our pastor when we were in college and, particularly, in seminary fifty years ago. He was donating his entire library to the international program Jen is planning with Youth with a Mission.
Yesterday over 1,000 of those books were loaded into the Pilgrim Church building by Derick, Vinnie, Kevin, Miriam, Joe, and Karl in ascending order up the stairs to the second-floor closets to wait for Jen to come and get them.
Rev. Al has Alzheimer’s and we didn’t know what to expect from this long-term pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Dunellen, New Jersey and, after retirement, a professor of philosophy at Bloomfield College, and, finally, the pastor to Spanish speaking folks at this New Jersey shore town.
What we found was the same sweet, lively, upbeat self he has always had – like an elf with a twinkle in his eye – still with the ability to engage in meaningful conversation but no ability any longer to recall what had just been said after a five minute pause.
He knew exactly who we were, for his long-term memory was in place. So, we realized, if we kept the topic on events and people we all knew fifty years ago, he could regale us with perceptive insights, witty accounts, and lots of humor.
But every time Aída, who was the chief book packer (and Bill the lugger), stepped into the room, suddenly, his eyes would light up and he would exclaim, “Do you remember Julian Alexander? Wasn’t he your pastor?” And she would reply, “Yes, that’s right. Good memory! He was my pastor when I was growing up.” Finally, on Thursday, after about five or six or more times right in a row, Aída added, “Did you know I joined the Dunellen Presbyterian Church?”
“No!” Rev. Al exclaimed, totally delighted. “When did you do that?”
“When you were the pastor,” she said.
“That’s wonderful!” He was so happy.
We could never anticipate what had disappeared from his memory and what was still intact. The picture was largely there, but not all the puzzle’s pieces.
Now that we’re back home in Massachusetts, reflecting on our visit, we have been thinking of the Apostle Paul’s inspired words in 1 Corinthians 13:13, that famous chapter on love, which reads literally, “And now remain faith, hope, love: these three things. But the greatest of these is love.”
Reverend Al still has the same vibrant faith he has always had. On Tuesday, he had to go see a doctor. With his wife Hanna’s help, he pushed himself up to his feet. As he struggled into his walker, Aída asked if he’d like prayer for the doctor’s visit. She wasn’t sure if he would still understand the value of prayer. But he was delighted, and he exclaimed, “Yes, of course!” with great enthusiasm. Aída prayed that the doctor would help, and the doctor certainly did, arranging a home nurse’s visit every day free of charge.
So, he had faith, but did he still have any hope? Hanna, cleaning house in her efficient way, offered us any DVDs or video cassettes we wanted, so we picked out a dozen (carefully avoiding taking any John Wayne ones, since he’s Rev. Al’s lifelong movie hero). They were still at the doctor’s when we finished that day’s book packing. We made sure to leave the little box with their son, Mark (who helped us every day to pack the van), so they could take back any of the dozen they wanted to keep. Hanna retained Cher’s Moonstruck – and Rev Al? – the film Martin Luther. “He says he might need it for educational purposes,” Hanna explained. Apparently, he had not lost hope he might still need to mentor someone.
And love? He kept taking our hands and patting them and beaming on us and saying, “Take any books you want.” After letting the local pastors and others take their pick, his well-chosen library, gathered over a lifetime, was still a treasure trove of wonderful technical Greek and Hebrew language books, classic commentaries, and textbooks.
We explained to him we were collecting books for Jen’s library and he was delighted. “By all means,” he exclaimed, “take my library and use it for that school.” And then he smiled wistfully, gestured toward his now feeble body and murmured, “I won’t use it now.” Maybe not, but now his books were going to do the educating.
We have deeply loved this pastor who trained and ordained us nearly fifty years ago and are full of gratitude for what he has meant to us for all these years. Even now, though his buoyant, chipper strength with which he used to zip around the church building is gone and his wonderful mind is increasingly incapacitating, his love for those he pastored is still firmly intact. This is part of his legacy to us. The greatest of God’s gifts to him and to all of us is the ability to love and that is what remains. Why? Because our God is love.
Bill and Aída

Monday, June 8, 2020

Responding to Floyd Killing: Creating Action Teams as Safeguards

Star Tribune google image 1590536610_15892941+

Before God called Aida to study the New Testament and become a professor, she was a social worker, serving as a Community Organizer among Spanish-speaking people in Plainfield, and then with Model Cities in Newark, both in New Jersey. She began working in the wake of the 1967 riots that swept across the United States which victimized both of these cities. In Plainfield, a policeman was savagely stomped to death by a mob of men and women.
The incidents of violence by police and against police are among the fall out in this fallen world. The condition of this world is not one that God intended but it is beset by evil and injustice, although God is still at work in it.[1]
Last Memorial Day, May 25, 2020, George Floyd died during his arrest for potentially stealing a pack of cigarettes. As a result, protests and riots have been occurring throughout the United States. While Floyd was being arrested, the arrest process was filmed not only by the store camera but by bystanders. Bystanders who complained were ignored or told to move on. Since that event, the Minneapolis City Council voted on June 5 to ban chokeholds and to require police officers to intervene against the use of excessive force.[2]
Can we not only film injustice with our smart phones but also stop injustices while they are occurring? That is our recommendation, that every city create a “Floyd Action Team” for help by dialing 119 (or another number). This would not be a citizen review board, but an action team. Every town should have at least several individuals, such as police superior officers, and larger cities a team to oversee accountability of police. A team would have 3 or 5 people who would be called to check a potential situation of excessive police force with the power (by majority vote) to override current action and calm the crowd. They should be able to arrive within 10 minutes. The George Floyd incident lasted 24 minutes from when the first policemen arrived until the ambulance arrived. Concerned bystanders could dial this special number if they thought the police were unresponsive to helpful comments or threaten to do so. The team would also have the power to recommend policy changes to the appropriate local board. They would offer checks and balances, which is a standard feature in democracy. For balance, each team would consist of men and women of compassion and justice, including a representative of the area’s predominant ethnic minorities. The teams could have a police representative, such as a retired police chief or police advocate, a legal representative like a public defender, a retired judge, mediator, chaplain, counselor, or first responders such as emergency rescue person, fire department worker, medical or public health workers, doctor, nurse. The local chief dispatcher would receive the 119 emergency call and immediately contact the 3-5 people already approved for the team on call. Each group could receive the call in their cell phone.
How to organize such a group? Possibly different citizen advocacy groups could recommend someone willing to serve on such an action team, if at all possible for pay, then the individuals could be voted in or appointed by the mayor or selectmen or even public elections. The group would need specialized training by the different appropriate regional groups: police procedure, legal rights, emergency medical help, crowd control, etc. and be in communication with key leaders of the local professional and citizen groups.
Why should the key qualities for the individuals include compassion and justice? Because such qualities are found in God, who created human beings in his image: “the Lord, the Lord, a God merciful and gracious, slow in anger, and abounding in steadfast love and faithfulness, keeping steadfast love for the thousandth generation, forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin, yet by no means clearing the guilty” (Exodus 34:6-7a).
Aída and Bill



[1] Further, see Joy through the Night: Biblical Resources on Suffering.