Friday, June 5, 2026

What I’ve Learned from Chopping Wood


Picture by Aída Besançon Spencer

About 30 years or so ago, a nor’easter of terrific force roared in off the Atlantic and knocked a large tree down all across the little vegetable garden Ada cultivates in the small space between the left side of our garage and the old rusted metal pole that marks off our neighbor’s property line in traditional New England fashion. Limbs and trees were down all over town and, as for the infant broccoli and tomatoes sprouts in our garden – they were totally buried under wood and foliage. We stood, staring at it in shock and dismay. How were we going to get rid of all this debris? At that point, a neighbor across the street, peered out her front door, over her leaf and branch-strewn lawn and called to us, “Do you have a power saw?” We were the new neighbors at that point, only having been in the neighborhood for a mere 14 years. We learned early on that – to be a Bonafide New Englander, one has to live here for 25 years for starters. So, we still obviously needed good advice. New Englanders are renowned for not warming up to newcomers – we freeze up to them and that friendship sticks for life. I can say “we,” because our family has now lived here for 44 years – we are now authentic Yankees (of course, not to be confused with the baseball team, since all true New Englanders are automatic Red Sox fans, no matter whom we rooted for before).

Well, we didn’t have a power saw. But she did, and, in the gracious way New Englanders reach out to each other in a calamity, she asked: “You burn firewood don’t you? Well, you can borrow mine and cut that up and burn it in your wood stove.” I gaped at her. We had inherited a large wood stove as part of the furniture when we bought our house and, like everybody else, we had been working our way through a number of woodmen looking for someone with long cords and reasonable rates, not having yet met our superb present wood supplier: Steve Salisbury of Middleton, MA, a few towns over from us, who has become more than just our woodman, but a personal friend as is his wife and son, Steve Jr. Well, I sawed up the wood, stacked it in the bottom of the garage and never looked back. Fossil fuel in the land of Cape Cod costs about the same as launching a moon rocket from the sands of Cape Canaveral, at least it feels that way – and buying already cut-up wood was one of our greatest expenses. Steve delivered me long heavy limbs and smaller tree trunks and his long cord of wood was like every other dealer’s two cords. Our heating costs – the greatest drain on our small budget, except, of course for taxes here in “Taxachusetts” - as those who live here call our state – suddenly dropped and made living here for the next decades more doable. We could actually survive here and not have to sneak out in our eventual retirement years and pitch a tent in some deep recess of the vast Wenham Swamp, whose mosquito-laden borders are just three blocks away.

But what I didn’t anticipate as I gratefully cut up and split by hand my first treefall was what a change in my life this simple beginning would produce! Once Steve Salsibury started downloading tree limbs and trunks into our driveway, I began to gather up suitable equipment: a wedge I bought at Home Depot along with an axe and a 16 pound sledge hammer I call “The Great Equalizer,” another wedge we unearthed in our yard, a third a dear friend and elder in our church, Joe Kerwin, graciously gave me, and, finally, after a succession of electric power saws (if I’m not going into the woods for trees, why should I have gas fumes blowing in my face???), a crowbar and the mineral hammer that had been my dad’s, and, finally, a trade with a church member of a maul for me and for him a cement pick left behind by our house’s former owners he’d noticed when he visited us the week he was breaking up an old cement patio at his house). I was good to go! Since then, my only addition is a large hatchet we also found in our yard. New Englanders traditionally buried their refuse in their yards. When our across-the-street neighbor was a girl, she and the rest of the neighborhood watched as a Model-T Ford chassis was dug out of the small yard to the right of our garage and the street. Every home has its own history.

Well, right to today, the wood has done a lot for me, besides making our budget doable as our state and town taxes continue to skyrocket. Chopping by hands protected by super thick work gloves has built up my health and strength. Since writing and research and teaching are largely sedentary tasks, involving this exercise has done wonders for my disposition. While I’m usually gentle and upbeat, if I’m ever editing or grading and feel my time is being wasted and, thus, tempted to snarl. “What will this babbler say?” (cf. Acts 17:18), a refreshing hour pounding on the wood, and I sink into my chair and muse beneficently, “What does this delightful student (or potential Africanus Journal writer) have to share?”

So, what exactly have I learned from chopping wood?

PATIENCE: I’m originally from New Jersey. Patience is not imbibed automatically from our baby bottles. But wood is not cooperative. With haste, getting hurt is very easy. One only needs to hit one’s thumb once to learn that. So, wood chopping teaches patience. No matter how hard I beg, it will not cut itself. And, if that’s not enough, well-meaning passersby will help it out. They, filled with pity seeing a job as laborious as sawing and splitting unseasoned wood, will inevitably ask: “Why don’t you buy a splitter? It would make your job real easy,” followed by a quizzical gaze…) Answer: “I mainly sit down at work, so this is my exercise. I save time and money not having to go to a gym. I can get all the weight-lifting and endurance work I need, while guaranteeing a warm winter for my wife and child.” If I earned a nickel for every time I’ve been asked that, I could put a whole gallon of gas into our car, even at current prices! And, thankfully, after about twenty minutes into work, I already have built up enough reserve patience to return my stock answer cordially to this well-meaning, even if endless, question.

PERSEVERANCE: Chopping up wood teaches me I don’t live in a movie. In a movie, the characters decide to go somewhere and -Voila! – they’re there. Sometimes they seem to jump from the car to the front door of their destination, or they walk in splices here, closer, then suddenly looming in front of us, with the speed of an airport supercharging its moving sidewalk. But our task takes time. Just getting ready takes perseverance. One needs thick gloves to protect the hands, as I noted, then ear plugs to quiet down the noise of sawing, long sleeves and trousers to ward off ticks, goggles to protect the eyes from flying wood chips and sawdust, along with a hat and sunglasses and sunscreen to protect the eyes when the sun is out. And sometimes hand and leg supports when one is starting out. In short, a wood chopper needs it all. Hauling out the ruler and all the tools, and setting up wood slates to protect the driveway or the lawn from the saw and the hammers is also mandatory, so it can take a half hour to get set up, especially, if we put a cardboard or tarpaulin under the slats to catch the sawdust so that can be put under any trees. Hmmmm, did I lose any readers with my detailed explanation of proper preparation? If so, please warn them not to get into wood chopping, because everything I’ve mentioned ensures safety. Perseverance is mandatory, even in preparation.

PREPARATION: Also, passages of the Bible have come alive for me as my instructors in ways I never anticipated before I started chopping for fuel. Solomon knew much about construction. For example, consider Ecclesiastes 10:9b: In wood splitting one can hurt oneself. [Better to take this warning from the Old Testament rather than from personal experience – that’s for sure!] The next verse cautions us, if the blade with which we’re cutting becomes blunt [an interesting word: kahah[1] whose onomatopoeic letters sound smooth, like a dull blade] and is not sharpened with a whet stone, one needs more exertion (or strength), but proper use will bring success. In other words, keep our tools sharp and do our job right the first time. If we don’t and we slack off, verse 18 of this same chapter warns us the beams will sink (i.e., the rafters will sag) on the house we construct. If you don’t prepare well, more effort is needed to get the job done. Use wisdom to guide you to do things effectively in both physical and spiritual tasks.

PERFORMANCE: Have we noticed? God was very specific when laying out the plans for the ark in Genesis 6 (v. 14). Cypress wood[2] is a durable, lighter, wood with its own resin and could stand the rigors of the Genesis flood. So, even some soft woods are useful for construction. In Exodus 37:1, acacia wood, another strong, durable, rot-resistant wood was selected for the Ark of the Covenant in the Holy of Holies of the Tabernacle. However, in selecting wood to put in our fires, not just any type will do. Soft wood like leftover railroad ties used under tracks or other pine-type wood used for slats or painted for buildings are often filled with creosote which can coat the inside of your chimney when you burn it and cause a lot of smoke and even a fire. Hard wood like maple, oak, hickory, and cherry burn much cleaner and longer. The old spiritual, “Well, Well, Well” warned that God said, “a fire not a flood next time.” We don’t want to fulfill that promise in microcosm in our chimney. So, I’ve learned to follow God’s guidance to be careful and specific in the wood we choose and I recommend that to all, because we still see occasional chimney fires burn houses here in town. The best advice I’ve heard is use your pine for fire pits, heat your house with hard wood. God didn’t send Noah and his family off in a big pine box. They may have all ended up in a huge fire, if they had a wood stove on the ark! God sent Noah’s family out in a lighter cypress softwood box which was rot resistance and they lived to tell the tale… So should we, when working carefully and conscientiously with our wood tasks. In life, in physical and spiritual tasks, we should use appropriate quality resources and do quality work.

PROSPERING: And an important final point needs to be made: trees are not just about chopping and burning – that’s for dead or diseased, ant-ridden trees. Instead, Psalm 92:12 likens the righteous person to a flourishing palm tree, growing like a cedar of Lebanon. Verse 13 continues the analogy, depicting the righteous as planted by God. Verse 14 celebrates the fact that the righteous will still bear fruit in our senior years, staying green and fresh and praising God (v. 15).

Trees are a gift from God – both alive and even in death. And I am so grateful for them. From them I have learned patience, perseverance, preparation, performance, and prospering.

Bill 



[1] A. Philip Brown II and Bryan W. Smith, A Reader’s Hebrew Bible (Grand Rapids, MI, 2008), Eccles 10:9-10, 18. See footnote 29, p. 1417.

[2] See C.F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament, Volume 1, The Pentateuch (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, n.d.), p. 142.


 

Friday, May 1, 2026

An Apple or an Onion: What Is Christianity?

 

                                                                        Photo by Aída Besançon Spencer

When Ada was a little girl, she was sent to “Fun to Learn,” the name by which kindergarten was being disguised and promoted by the excellent Carol Morgan School of Santo Domingo in the Dominican Republic, where my wife was born. She thought this name was one word: “Funtolearn.” She enjoyed that day and felt complete satisfaction with her experience. Imagine her shock, when, waking up the next morning, she found herself expected to go back again. What for? Hadn’t she been there and done that? Why would parents and teachers expect her to go back? She was obedient but baffled. How could she imagine what would follow? A lifetime of “going back” to grammar school, junior high school (aka middle school), senior high school, college, and several seminaries for an M.Div., Th.M., Ph.D., and a post-graduate year, ending up in school permanently as a professor. “Fun to Learn,” for her, became a lifetime task.

Today, learning has indeed become a lifetime experience, perhaps more intensely than ever before, since, not just content, but learning paradigms themselves are continually changing. How and what one learned in an analog world has changed dramatically in style and content when one’s context has become a digital world, constantly shifting at every level. Such change alters the style(s) of learning. And, as new content is introduced, Christian teachers wonder how that affects a curriculum that is itself timeless, since its core content is the study of the eternal unchanging God.  

These questions came to me with the force of collision by a tailgating tractor trailer. Both learning style(s) and the content valued by my students had been swiftly altering behind my back. This truth suddenly jolted me when I realized students were starting to skip much of the three-plus hour lectures I had posted on the net and were chafing at the size of the reading list for my course. Professor (and now Dean) Dr. Gerry Wheaton had warned us in an eye-opening lecture to the faculty that the attention span of students had plummeted. I looked around, and there was his proof – right before my eyes.

When I taught my first three decades at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, I was expected to lecture. Content was key. Evangelical scholars have always believed there is a kerygma – a core message at the center of the Christian faith. But this was not a doctrine taken for granted in most of my education in more liberal institutions. In the basic seminary training to which I was sent by the presbytery under whose care I had been entrusted, we students were asked if the gospel was an apple or an onion. We invested an entire class session grappling with this issue. I opted for an apple: there was a core – a message that was central – God coming to earth to rescue humans from eternal destruction.[1] The professor turned out to believe the answer was an onion. One peels each layer away until there is nothing. Our beliefs are refined in the process of peeling. In that sense, the Christian endeavor, we were informed, is the application of faith to the layers of questions that comprise our religion. Theology, we were told, is not giving answers but “asking questions.” This was our oblique introduction to the thought of Friedrich Schleiermacher and Enlightenment into Post-Enlightenment thinking, which, we students were to discover eventually spawned the God is Dead Movement. This sorry result comprised our entire introductory course in theology.

Recently, I visited that alma mater after fifty years and, in a general presentation, before all of us alumni, we were informed that the core of ministry was not to try to fix anyone or anything. I was shocked and so were my former classmates. Fixing is what we do, as we assist God in reconciling the world with the good news of Jesus’s rescue plan (2 Cor. 5:18-20). But, I suppose, if one’s view is there is nothing to teach, there may be nothing to do. If faith is about the process, a journey with no destination, then the search itself provides the meaning. The implication is that ministry is comprised of suffering along together with our fellow searchers of all faiths, since there is no balm in this Gilead to apply.

When I was first confronted with this type of theological thinking, I was in the halcyon days of my faith, when the Jesus Movement was flourishing. We were living in a climate of cultural conflict, amid protesting against the Vietnam war, campus student unrest, violent response from campus security, and, in one lethal case, the National Guard. We young Christians were just as bold, confronting the world with the liberating message of Jesus. Pursuing the food imagery noted above, the response we would have given to the idea that God, if God should God happen to exist, is inaccessible, and the Christian faith is but one of many pious activities seeking to make the world a better place, would have been to summon up the old traditional reply that had served us so well even earlier in our youth: “Baloney!” In the Jesus Movement, we would have accompanied that brief critique by a bold proclamation to get right with Jesus, the true liberator, and source of peace, and provider of life’s meaning, perhaps accompanied in illustration by an index finger pointed up to the sky in the famous one-way sign, endemic as it was to the Jesus Movement.

Today, however, the social climate has changed. Jeffrey M. Jones on the Gallup Wellbeing website tells us, “Church Attendance Has Declined in Most U.S. Religious Groups,” so that only “Three in 10 U.S. adults attend religious services regularly,” the only exception being Mormons at 67%.”[2] The perks, of course, are high for Mormons, for, as their Journal of Discourses 2:1 explains, obedience to the Mormon Church is one of the requirements to continue to retain their salvation (along with faith in Christ, good works, baptism, and “keeping the commandments of God [which] will cleanse away the stain of sin”[3]), as they work their way toward achieving deification in the afterlife and power to rule as gods themselves.[4] Christians are not under such a rigorous set of rules, but are urged not to neglect attending church in Hebrews but to meet to encourage one another, which is the freedom of grace that runs through the Christian faith (Heb. 10:24-25).

Today, I can adopt a more irenic and scholarly vein and simply say to my non-fixing, onion-oriented denomination-mates: “I disagree.” And I believe the Scriptures and the entire history of the Christian Church back me up. As an historically orthodox, evangelical Christian, I believe emphatically there is a dogma to learn, a central belief to study and to share, a revelation from our Creator and Recreator that connects everything and by which we will be rescued to transcend death and gain eternal life.

In the meantime, we can visit another set of folk sayings about these traditional images: if the nourishing apple keeps the doctor away, and the onion keeps everybody away, maybe that explains why so many churches are increasingly alone. People are starving for what God has to offer, and an onion by itself is a meager meal.

As for the application to learning, yes, it is obvious that attention spans are shrinking because the net demands more short-term focusing. Websites that share information, but feature advertisements, particularly demand a more intense search among distracting images to glean out the information being sought. This usually needs to happen within seconds. End result? The long lecture has gone the way of all flesh. So, I have reduced my three-or-so hour lectures into a series of short films full of salient pictures that illustrate the data I need to share. Lists are in. Long explanations are out. Students love to talk, so breakout groups on key issues are essential for a learning strategy that works.

Their questions and applications are excellent. I organize both these categories separately and build each class out of them. The course meets every other week and I group all the questions into sections and assiduously search out each one. The first part of class is my presentation on what they asked from the readings and my videos with an opportunity for input by each student author or any other class member. Then, after a break, I have organized breakout groups centering around each set of similar applications. I have two able colleagues, both seasoned educators, Rev. Jeanne DeFazio and Rev. Dr. Wilma Faye Mathis, one for each section, who help me make these happen. This produces a very orderly class structure, addressing what the students actually want to learn, based on what I was required to teach. The term paper is the final key to ensure student success.

We teach how to answer all ministry questions from the nature of God. For those who might be interested to see how it’s done, we and a variety of international scholars explore the attributes of God in our book The Global God: Multicultural Evangelical Views of God, and I have detailed my teaching methodology with a book I edited with Jeanne DeFazio, Empowering English Language Learners. I also allow all students to redo their papers until they have raised the grade to their desired level – or the course time runs out. The payoff for them is they have the opportunity to earn the grade they want to receive. The payoff for me is that, when they raise their grade to an A, they have mastered the content of the course. Sometimes it has taken eight versions of their term paper to get it all right, so they learn perseverance in their scholarship as well.   

In short, the content of what I am teaching is eternal. While this earth changes, the Lord does not change (Heb. 1:10-13).  The teaching strategies with which we nourish each new generation of our students may alter with the times; the nourishment itself will always be the faith once given to the saints (Jude 3). And when one is studying about the wondrous God who loves us, it is fun to learn.

Bill




[1] Aída offered a mango as an alternative to an apple and Bill added an avocado. Both have a large central pit. The image of an onion was popularized by Rudolf Bultmann who believed that form critical study, distinguishing “the various levels of tradition,” cannot define “with certainty the extent of the authentic words of Jesus,” yet also it is not, “like the peeling of an onion, a reduction to nothingness.” “The Study of the Synoptic Gospels,” in Form Criticism: Two Essays on New Testament Research, trans. Frederick C. Grant (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1962 [1934]), 60-61.

[3] See Journal of Discourses: Public sermons by Mormon leaders from 1851-1886, Vol. 2 (Oct. 23, 1853): 1-10, Brigham Young, ”The Gospel—Growing in Knowledge—The Lord's Supper—Blessings of Faithfulness—Utility of Persecution—Creation of Adam—Experience,” https://jod.mrm.org/2.

[4]  For an explanation with a Christian response, see Walter Martin and ed. Hank Hanegraaff, “Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (The Mormons), ch. 6 (Minneapolis, MN: Bethany House, 1997), pp. 233-35.